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BIO 230 Exam 4 – Moberly 2025 Questions and Answers Which molecule accounts for variation within and between species? ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-DNA List and describe the types of genetic variation - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-*Mutation within a gene* - an existing gene can be modified by a mutation that changes a single nucleotide or deletes or duplicates one or more nucleotides *Mutation within a regulatory DNA sequence* - can lead to changes in when or how much a gene is expressed, as well as which cells express that gene *Gene duplication and divergence* - the duplication of an existing gene (or even a whole genome), during which mutations can occur *Exon shuffling* - two or more existing genes are broken and rejoined to make a hybrid gene containing DNA segments that originally belong to separate genes *Transposition of mobile genetic elements* - specialized DNA sequences that can move from one chromosomal location to another *Horizontal gene transfer* - when a piece of DNA is passed from one cell's genome to another In sexually reproducing organisms, how do changes to the germ line cell affect their offspring? What about changes to somatic cells? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-In sexually reproducing organisms, only changes to the germ line (not somatic cells) are passed onto offspring. These germ line changes can and will cause changes in the FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1