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BIO230 Exam#2 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Transcription Factor - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-In eukaryotes, transcription factors are proteins that bind to the promoter and the enhancer, facilitating the binding of RNA polymerase. Enhancer - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-- Regions in eukaryotes that can be located hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the promoter. - bound by transcription factor to facilitate RNA polymerase binding - increase transcription efficiency Silencer - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-bind to transcription factors that inhibit transcription Exon - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-sequences find in the gene's DNA, the pre-mRNA, and the final mRNA. intron - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-- sequences in the gene's DNA that are not in the final mRNA. - spliced out by splicesome 5' cap - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-- first processing event - modified G added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA poly-A-tail - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-When the poly A signal (AAUAAA) is encountered by RNA Poly II, a ribonuclease cleaves the mRNA and Poly-A-Polymerase adds a poly-A-tail to the 3' end. FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1